Australian Dental Council (ADC) Practice Test

In a case of hairy tongue, the primary abnormality observed is the elongation of filiform papillae. This condition leads to an accumulation of keratin, resulting in these papillae becoming elongated and giving the appearance of a discolored or 'hairy' surface on the tongue. The elongation can result from various factors, including poor oral hygiene, smoking, use of certain medications, and dry mouth.

Hairy tongue is indicative of an alteration in the normal turnover of cells in the oral epithelium. The filiform papillae are meant to slough off and renew regularly, but in this condition, they retain more keratin, contributing to their increased length. As a result, this condition can often be seen as a thickening of the tongue's surface, making it a prominent symptom in individuals suffering from hairy tongue.

Understanding this condition is critical for dental professionals, as it highlights the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene and identifying potential risk factors that may contribute to its development.