Australian Dental Council (ADC) Practice Test

A radiolucent area in the maxilla after calculus removal from the kidney suggests changes in bone metabolism and may be indicative of hyperparathyroidism. This condition is characterized by overactivity of the parathyroid glands, which leads to elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Increased PTH causes bone resorption, leading to features like bone loss and the formation of radiolucent areas, particularly in the jaw.

In the context of a patient undergoing treatment for kidney calcifications, the presence of such a radiolucent area in the maxilla raises suspicion for hyperparathyroidism, especially if the patient’s calcium metabolism is affected. The loss of bone density in the maxilla can also lead to complications such as periodontal disease and increased risk of fracture, which may require dental consideration.

Notably, while osteoporosis involves decreased bone density, it typically presents with different radiographic findings and systemic features. Diabetes and adrenal insufficiency do not typically present with specific radiolucent changes in the jaws related to bone metabolism in the same manner as seen with hyperparathyroidism.